Introduction: The Taliban Case Study The Taliban's complex history in Afghanistan serves as a critical case study exploring the intersection of insurgency, governance, and organized crime. Originating in the 1990s as a militant group aiming to enforce a strict interpretation of Sharia law, and initial seizure of power in 1996, through their strict first rule and subsequent overthrow linked to Al-Qaeda in 2001, their path has been tumultuous. The Taliban’s first regime (1996-2001) was characterized by extreme human rights violations, particularly against women and minorities. A nearly twenty-year insurgency followed, marked by reliance on criminal funding streams like narcotics and extortion, culminating in their rapid return to control in August 2021 . This resurgence brought renewed focus on their governance capacity amid devastating economic and humanitarian crises, continued international non-recognition, and profound concerns over human rights violations and accountability....
Introduction The Goods and Services Tax (GST) represents a groundbreaking reform in India's indirect tax system, aimed at unifying the nation’s diverse tax structure into a single, streamlined framework. By consolidating multiple Central and State taxes and enabling seamless credit for taxes paid at prior stages, GST eliminates the cascading tax effect, creating a more transparent and efficient tax environment. One of the most profound advantages for consumers has been the reduction in the overall tax burden on goods, previously estimated at 25%-30% , which has enhanced affordability and purchasing power. For businesses, GST fosters competitiveness by reducing production costs and aligning India with global trade standards. Studies suggest that the introduction of GST has the potential to boost economic growth significantly, driven by a widened tax base, increased trade volumes, and improved compliance. Additionally, its transparent design simplifies administration, making it a...
Critical Analysis On Article 21 Of Indian Constitution Introduction The term 'life' in Article 21 cannot be limited to only being physically alive or in a vegetative state, but must include a wide range of implied meanings. Life always means a dignified life, and it refers to anything and everything that is necessary or in line with a dignified life; everything that falls under the term 'life'. “No freeman shall be taken or imprisoned or deceased or outlawed or banished or any ways destroyed, nor will the King pass upon him or commit him to prison unless by the judgment of his peers or the law of the land.” - English Magna Carta, 1215 . According to the Oxford Dictionary, liberty is defined as the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behavior, or political views. Personal liberty, as defined by the Oxford Dictionary, is the freedom of an individual to act as he or she wishes. In India, the wo...
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